Many of us have experienced the discomfort of painful swallowing at some point. During our childhood, our mothers often attributed it to something going down the “wrong pipe,” and we accepted that explanation. However, as adults, we seek a more detailed understanding of why this occurs. Does it occur once and then resolve, or does it persist? This exploration delves into the causes of painful swallowing and discerns when it’s appropriate to consult an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist.
What causes painful swallowing?
Experiencing pain during swallowing can manifest in various areas, including the mouth, throat, esophagus, or the center of your chest. Odynophagia is the term for this condition, and while it typically has a temporary nature, it can serve as a symptom for various medical conditions.
Let’s explore some common causes of painful swallowing.
Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis refers to the inflammation of the tonsils, two small masses of tissue situated at the back of the throat. Typically triggered by viral or bacterial infections, it causes symptoms like a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, swollen tonsils, and occasional fever.
Treatment usually includes rest and hydration, and antibiotics may be recommended for bacterial infections. In cases of persistent or severe occurrences, a tonsillectomy, surgical removal of the tonsils, may be considered.
Strep Throat
Strep throat is a bacterial infection primarily caused by the Group A Streptococcus bacteria. It commonly presents with symptoms such as a sore and scratchy throat, difficulty swallowing, and swollen lymph nodes. Strep throat is contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets, making close contact with an infected person a common mode of transmission.
Prompt medical attention, usually involving antibiotics, is crucial to effectively treat strep throat and prevent potential complications.
Esophagitis
Esophagitis is inflammation in the esophagus, the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. It is commonly caused by factors such as acid reflux, infections, or certain medications, leading to symptoms like difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and heartburn.
Treatment for esophagitis involves addressing the underlying cause. This can vary from lifestyle modifications to medications, or in severe cases, surgical interventions.
Mono
Mononucleosis, or “mono,” is an infectious disease primarily triggered by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Common symptoms include profound fatigue, a sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and fever. The nickname “the kissing disease” stems from its typical transmission through saliva exchange.
Although most cases of mono typically resolve with rest and supportive care, there is a potential for severe complications, and individuals are cautioned to avoid activities that could spread the virus during the active phase of the infection.
There are many other causes of painful swallowing, so it’s important to see a physician for diagnosis.
When should you see an ENT for painful swallowing?
Schedule an appointment with an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist as soon as possible if you have painful swallowing in addition to any of the following symptoms:
- Symptoms persisting beyond one week
- Presence of blood in bowel movements or saliva
- Experiencing shortness of breath or lightheadedness
- Unexplained weight loss
- Noticing lumps in the neck
- Hoarse voice
Your ENT specialist will often run tests, and they may look for tumors in the throat.
Find an ENT specialist near you if you are suffering from painful swallowing and are unable to find relief.